Sample size for significance tests

Single mean Single proportion Comparison of means Paired samples t-test Comparison of proportions McNemar test (paired proportions) Correlation coefficient Survival analysis (logrank test) Bland-Altman plot Area under ROC curve Comparison of two ROC curves

Sample size for Confidence Interval estimation & precision

Single mean Single proportion Difference between means Mean difference between paired samples Difference between proportions Difference between paired proportions Coefficient of Variation from duplicate measurements Regression-based reference limits